Electoral reforms of india!!

Electoral Reforms Undertaken

Electoral reforms are undertaken by authorities can be broadly divided into two categories: pre-2000 and post- 2000. Both of these are discussed in the section below:

 

Electoral Reforms Pre-2000

 

1.         Lowering of Voting Age: The 61st Amendment Act to the Constitution reduced the minimum age for voting from 21 to 18 years.

2.         Deputation to Election Commission: All personnel working in preparing, revising and correcting the electoral rolls for elections shall be considered to be on deputation to the EC for the period of such employment, and they shall be superintended by the EC.

3.         Increase in the number of proposers and the security deposit: The number of electors required to sign as proposers in the nomination papers for elections to the Rajya Sabha and the State Legislative Councils have been raised to 10% of the electors of the constituency or ten such electors, whichever is less chiefly to prevent frivolous candidates. The security deposit has also been hiked to prevent non- serious candidates.

4.         Electronic Voting Machine (EVMs): First introduced in 1998 during the state elections of Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, and Rajasthan, EVMs are used widely now as they are fool-proof, efficient and a better option in terms of the environment.

5.         Disqualification on conviction for violating the National Honours Act, 1971: This shall lead to disqualification of the person for 6 years from contesting to the Parliament and the state legislatures.

6.         Restriction on contesting from more than 2 constituencies: A candidate cannot contest from more than 2 constituencies.

7.         Death of a contesting candidate: Previously, the election was countermanded on the death of a contesting candidate. In the future, no the election will be countermanded on the death of a contesting candidate. If the deceased candidate, however, was set up by a recognized national or state party, then the party concerned will be given an option to nominate another candidate within 7 days of the issue of a notice to that effect to the party concerned by the Election Commission.

8.         It is prohibited by law to go to or near a polling booth bearing arms. This is punishable by imprisonment for up to 2 years.

9.         On poll days, employees of organizations get paid holiday, and violation of this is punishable by a fine.

10.    Prohibition on sale of liquor: No liquor or other intoxicants shall be sold or given or distributed at any shop, eating place, or any other place, whether private or public, within a polling area during 48 hours ending with the hour fixed for the conclusion of the poll.

11.    The time limit for bye-elections: Bye-elections to any House of Parliament or a State Legislature will now be held within six months of the occurrence of the vacancy in that House.

12.    The period of campaigning has been reduced.

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